Determine the type of pruning needed.
Promote plant health by removing dead, diseased or damaged branches.  Correct a poor shape by eliminating crossing or poorly spaced branches.

Pick the right point to prune.
Select a bud or side branch pointing in the direction you want the new growth to go.  Grasp the branch with the hook of your shears, no more than ¼" above this location.

Angle your cut.
Cut at a 45° angle, tilted in the direction the bud is pointing.  A slanted cut leaves less stub and less chance of disease.
 

• To produce more or better bloom and or fruits.
   

• To develop or maintain a desired size or appearance.
   

• To re-establish a balance between root and branch systems after transplanting.
   

• To rejuvenate older, neglected shrubs.  Removal of dead or diseased wood keeps plants healthy.  Maintenance pruning includes removal of dense growth to let light and air reach the inner and lower stems.
   

• To repair injury.  Damaged wood, whatever the cause, is not only unsightly, it is an open invitation to disease causing organisms.